Overview
       1. Components: Products that do not change the molecular composition of raw materials during processing can be called components, and components are devices that do not require energy. It includes: resistor, capacitor, inductor. (also known as Passive Components)
       Components are divided into:
       1. Circuit components: diodes, resistors, etc.
       2. Connection components: connectors, sockets, connecting cables, printed circuit boards (PCBs)
       2. Device: Products that change the molecular structure of raw materials during production and processing are called devices
       The devices are divided into:
       1. The main characteristics of active devices are: (1) It consumes electricity itself (2) It requires external power.
       2. Discrete devices, divided into (1) bipolar transistor (2) field effect transistor (3) thyristor (4) semiconductor resistor capacitor
       resistance
       Resistors are represented by "R" and numbers in the circuit, such as: R1 represents a resistor numbered 1. The main functions of resistors in the circuit are: shunt, current limiting, voltage division, bias, etc.
       capacitance
       Capacitors are generally represented by "C" and numbers in circuits (such as C13 represents a capacitor numbered 13). Capacitors are components composed of two metal films close to each other and separated by insulating materials. The characteristics of capacitors are mainly direct current and AC.
       The capacity of a capacitor indicates the size of the energy that can be stored. The hindering effect of the capacitor on AC signals is called capacitive reactance, which is related to the frequency and capacity of the AC signal.
       Crystal diode
       Crystal diodes are commonly used in circuits with "D" plus numbers, such as: D5 represents a diode numbered 5.
       Function: The main characteristic of diodes is unidirectional conductivity, that is, under the action of forward voltage, the on-resistance is very small; while under the action of reverse voltage, the on-resistance is extremely large or infinite.
       Because diodes have the above characteristics, cordless telephones are often used in circuits such as rectification, isolation, voltage regulation, polarity protection, encoding control, frequency modulation and noise squeezing.
       Inductor
       Inductors are not used a lot in electronic production, but they are equally important in circuits. We believe that inductors, like capacitors, are also energy storage elements that can convert electrical energy into magnetic field energy and store energy in the magnetic field. The inductor is represented by the symbol L, and its basic unit is Henry (H), which is commonly used as the unit of milliheng (mH). It often works with capacitors to form LC filters, LC oscillators, etc. In addition, people also use the characteristics of inductor to create current blocking coils, transformers, relays, etc.
       Combination circuit
       An integrated circuit is a device with certain functions formed by integrating transistors, resistors, capacitors and other components on a silicon substrate using a special process. It is abbreviated as IC, also commonly known as chips.
       An analog integrated circuit refers to an analog integrated circuit that is integrated with capacitors, resistors, transistors and other components to process analog signals. There are many analog integrated circuits, such as integrated operational amplifiers, comparators, logarithmic and exponential amplifiers, analog multiplier (divider) devices, phase-locked loops, power management chips, etc. The main components of analog integrated circuits are: amplifiers, filters, feedback circuits, reference source circuits, switching capacitor circuits, etc. Analog integrated circuit design is mainly obtained through manual circuit debugging and simulation by experienced designers. Most of the corresponding digital integrated circuit design is automatically generated by using hardware description language under the control of EDA software.
       Digital integrated circuits are digital logic circuits or systems made by integrating components and connections on the same semiconductor chip. According to the number of gate circuits or elements and devices contained in the digital integrated circuit, digital integrated circuits can be divided into small-scale integrated (SSI) circuits, medium-scale integrated (MSI) circuits, large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits, ultra-large-scale integrated VLSI circuits and ultra-large-scale integrated ULSI) circuits. Small-scale integrated circuits include less than 10 gate circuits, or the number of components does not exceed 100; medium-scale integrated circuits include between 10-100 gate circuits, or the number of components is between 100-1000; large-scale integrated circuits include more than 100 gate circuits, or the number of components is between 10-10; ultra-large-scale integrated circuits include more than 10,000 gate circuits, or the number of components is between 10-10; super-large-scale integrated circuits include more than 10,000 gate circuits, or the number of components is between 10-10; super-large-scale integrated circuits include between 10-10. It includes: basic logic gates, flip-flops, registers, decoders, drivers, counters, shaping circuits, programmable logic devices, microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSPs, etc.